Abstract
Urine washing (UW) and urinating onto hand (UH) are reported for the first time for a wild callitrichid monkey, the moustached tamarin,Saguinus mystax. Both patterns are very rare and no sex difference in frequency is apparent. The temporal distribution shows a maximum of UH/UW around midday when ambient temperature is at maximum and humidity at minimum. No seasonal effects were observed, but any seasonal effect might be masked by the low frequency of UH/UW. UH/UW are not linked to a single behavioural context and may have multiple functions in thermoregulation/water conservation, cleaning, improving grip, and as a social signal.
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