Abstract
Changes in nitric oxide production result in changes in nitrate excretion, but these are difficult to detect if the daily intake of nitrate varies substantially. Instead of using a sample of the combined urine produced in 24 h for analysis, we studied the urine nitrate concentration in urine discharge at various times of the day. This was done with urine samples from each of seven men after a high dietary nitrate intake, followed by a low dietary intake 24 h later. The lowest variability in nitrate concentration was found in the samples before dinner (late afternoon) (511 ± 201 (S.D.) μmol/1). However, the pre-dinner samples after a day with a nitrate-rich meal had still a 40% increased nitrate concentration (623 ± 147 μmol/1), when compared with samples before the high nitrate diet (440 ± 90 μmol/1; P < 0.05). This effect disappeared on the second day after the high nitrate meal (476 ± 108 μmol/1). Similar results were found when using the nitrate/creatinine ratio. We conclude that urine samples taken before nitrate rich meals are the most reliable samples for estimating (changes in) endogenous nitrate production.
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