Urine Cystatin C as a Biomarker of Proximal Tubular Function Immediately after Kidney Transplantation

Abstract

Background/Aims: Clinical methods to predict allograft function soon after kidney transplantation are ineffective. Methods: We analyzed urine cystatin C (CyC) in a prospective multicenter observational cohort study of deceased-donor kidney transplants to determine its peritransplant excretion pattern, utility for predicting delayed graft function (DGF) and association with 3-month graft function. Serial urine samples were collected for 2 days following transplant and analyzed blindly for CyC. We defined DGF as any hemodialysis in the first week after transplant, slow graft function (SGF) as a serum creatinine reduction <70% by the first week and immediate graft function (IGF) as a reduction ≧70%. Results: Of 91 recipients, 33 had DGF, 34 had SGF and 24 had IGF. Urine CyC/urine creatinine was highest in DGF for all time-points. The area under the curve (95% CI) for predicting DGF at 6 h was 0.69 (0.57–0.81) for urine CyC, 0.74 (0.62–0.86) for urine CyC/urine creatinine and 0.60 (0.45–0.75) for percent change in urine CyC. On the first postoperative day, urine CyC/urine creatinine and percent change in urine CyC were associated with 3-month graft function. Conclusion: Urine CyC on the day after transplant differs between degrees of perioperative graft function and modestly corresponds with 3-month function.