Abstract
We aimed to identify plasma and urine metabolites altered by the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in a post-hoc analysis of a pilot feeding trial. Twenty adult participants with un-medicated hypertension consumed a Control diet for one week followed by 2 weeks of random assignment to either Control or DASH diet. Non-missing fasting plasma (n = 56) and 24-h urine (n = 40) were used to profile metabolites using untargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Linear models were used to compare metabolite levels between the groups. In urine, 19 identifiable untargeted metabolites differed between groups at p < 0.05. These included a variety of phenolic acids and their microbial metabolites that were higher during the DASH diet, with many at false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p < 0.2. In plasma, eight identifiable untargeted metabolites were different at p < 0.05, but only gamma-tocopherol was significantly lower on DASH at FDR adjusted p < 0.2. The results provide insights into the mechanisms of benefit of the DASH diet.
Highlights
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet emphasizes consumption of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, fish, poultry, and nuts, while limiting red meat, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages [1]
Clinical parameters including changes in blood pressure, endothelial function, pulse wave velocity, and plasma nitric oxide levels were reported in the original study
Consumption of DASH diet resulted in significant reductions of blood pressure starting at the end of week one and end of week two [6]
Summary
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet emphasizes consumption of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, fish, poultry, and nuts, while limiting red meat, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages [1]. DASH reduces systolic blood pressure (BP) by an average of 5.2 mmHg over durations of 2–24 weeks [2]. Observational studies suggest that DASH may reduce the risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disease [3,4]. The mechanism of benefit of the DASH diet is poorly understood. Metabolomics phenotyping can help characterize the changes in body chemistry following a dietary intervention, such as DASH, and identify potential mechanisms of benefit [5]. Understanding the potential mechanisms of DASH using informative biomarkers could help to fine-tune
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