Urinary tract infections in women

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections that cause by both gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The article is devoted to a review of the literature, clinical guidelines and recommendations about the discussion of UTI management. The classifications of UTI of different medical societies are presented in the manuscript. The modern views on the problem of uncomplicated cystitis – its rate, factors of occurrence, the latest recommendations for diagnostic assessment are described. The therapeutic approaches to the treatment of UTI are presented, based on the advisability of prescribing antimicrobial therapy, and its advantages are demonstrated. The recommendations and schemes for the use of antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in both men and women are given. The first-line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis is fosfomycin trometamol. The article presents the pharmacological properties of fosfomycin, indications and features of its use, interactions with other drugs and other types of interactions, advantages, prescription regimens, courses of therapy and doses, treatment of pathology of the genital and urinary systems in pregnant women. Alternative treatment for uncomplicated cystitis is also presented. The concept of “recurrent UTI” is set. The therapy for persistent and intermittent antimicrobial prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs is described according to the latest clinical guidelines of the European Association of Urology for 2021. Strategies such as antimicrobial management programs are presented to improve clinical outcomes, reduce adverse effects and the risk of developing resistance, and provide effective treatment.