Abstract
Social restrictions reduced the rates of respiratory infections in 2020, but studies on the rates of urinary tract infections (UTIs) during lockdown have had conflicting results. This study aimed to report UTI incidence during the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Finland. We conducted a retrospective register-based cohort study. The whole Finnish pediatric population (children under the age of 15 years, N = 860,000) was included. The yearly and monthly incidences of UTIs per 100,000 children in 2020 were compared to that of three previous years (2017–2019) by incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 10,757 cystitis and 4873 pyelonephritis cases were included. The yearly incidence of cystitis was 12% lower (IRR 0.88, CI 0.83–0.94) among children aged 1–6 in 2020 and 11% (IRR 0.89, CI 0.83–0.95) lower among children aged 7–14 in 2020 compared with previous years. The yearly incidence of pyelonephritis was 16% lower (IRR 0.84, CI 0.76–0.94) among children aged 1–6. No significant decrease were observed among children aged < 1 and 7–14.Conclusion: The incidence of cystitis and pyelonephritis during a period of social restrictions was lower than during 2017–2019, especially in children aged 1–6 years. These results raise the possibility of reducing the occurrence of urinary tract infections in children by improving hygiene measures.What is known:• Social restrictions have reduced the rate of common respiratory infections globally.• Previous studies have presented a decreased or unchanged incidence of urinary tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.What is new:• During the pandemic, there was a decrease in the incidence of urinary tract infections in Finnish children and the most prominent decrease was in daycare-aged children.• Improved hygiene measures and social restrictions may have influenced the transmission of uropathogens.
Highlights
When the World Health Organization (WHO) declared severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic in March 2020, a majority of countries implemented social restrictions and lockdowns to prevent the spread of COVID-19
The incidence of cystitis and pyelonephritis during a period of social restrictions was lower than during 2017–2019, especially in children aged 1–6 years. These results raise the possibility of reducing the occurrence of urinary tract infections in children by improving hygiene measures
Social restrictions have reduced the rate of common respiratory infections globally
Summary
When the World Health Organization (WHO) declared severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic in March 2020, a majority of countries implemented social restrictions and lockdowns to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The reopening of schools had no effect on the spread of respiratory infections in Finland [14]. The strategy to limit the spread of COVID-19 involved minimal restrictions imposed on children. These restrictions were effective in preventing the spreading of respiratory syncytial virus [15] and influenza in fall 2020 [16], but the overall rate of visits to pediatric emergency departments has been normal since summer 2020 [17]
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