Urinary tract infection in females, a clinicopathological corelation and appraisal

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection is defined as infection of the urinary tract mainly Urethra, bladder and upper tract including Ureter and Kidney leading to significant bactiriuria. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and a critical appraisal of the problem of UTI in females with special emphasis on Clinico pathological correlation as prevalent in our society especially problem of recurrent UTI in females under setting of uncomplicated, complicated, recurrent UTI in females. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective uncontrolled study undertaken in Balrampur Hospital, Lucknow between January to December 2018. Patient population included were females aged 8yrs to 80yrs, who visited OPD and the patients admitted in our hospital indoor during this period, who had nosocomial infection especially with lower Urinary tract symptoms. All the patients were subjected to thorough history taking, clinical, physical examination and urine samples were sent for routine and microscopic examination and for culture where needed. Patients with lower urinary tract symptoms giving history of bladder outlet obstruction or any anatomical or functional disorder of the Urinary Tract were subjected to investigations like ultrasonography, X-Ray KUB, CT and cystoscopy and uroflowmetry studies specially in cases were BOO was suspected. Results & Conclusions: UTI in females is very prevalent, our study showed on incidence of 18.4% (of all LUTS patients referred for UTI). Nosocomial infections contributed to 38% of UTI cases in our study. Screening for diabetes in UTI patients showed an incidence of 10.3% 30% of HAUTI cases had Indwelling Urinary Urinary Catheter. UTI was most prevalent in 18 to 30 years age group i.e. 41% of all UTI cases in all age groups under considerations. The incidence of RUTI cases was 21%, maximum coming from post menopausal age group. Incidence of ASB was found to be 7%, amongst all 930 patients. In diabetics the incidence of ASB was 11.4%. UPEC was found to be the leading causative agent in both uncomplicated and complicated UTI cases.