Abstract
The Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a seasonal infection prevalent in coastal areas whose intensity varies among various age groups. Escherichia coli is one of the major causative organisms. The current study is to the frequency of UTI in the Coastal region; understand the recent advances in alternative treatment & their efficacy. The known medication for the UTI is quinolones and cephalosporin. Cranberry extract is the only medicine used from a plant source that is expensive and not native to India. The main cause of UTI to spread is a lack of hygiene, sexual intercourse, and inadequate consumption of water. Change in the pH of the urethra during puberty & menopause in women facilitates the growth of opportunistic Uropathogens. Innate immunity can also contribute to the resistance of the body but a recent study says that infection rate varies among individuals considering their age, immunity, and lifestyle. The pathogens causing UTI are developing resistance against multiple drugs. From this study, we understand that Cranberry is the only plant source for the treatment of UTI in combination with antibiotics. There is a need to understand the importance of improving innate immunity and to know the best treatment regime to treat UTI.
Highlights
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease among young and mature adults but is more prevalent among females
The severity of the infection can be categorized as either acute or chronic and as uncomplicated; when it occurs in healthy, non-pregnant women with normal urinary tract (UT) structure and function, and complicated; when it occurs in pregnant, diabetic individuals with abnormal urinary tract structure
This study aims to provide an overview of recent advances in treatment strategies that can be followed to overcome Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and to better understand the incidence, prevalence, mode of treatment, and efficacy of the disease
Summary
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease among young and mature adults but is more prevalent among females. The most common pathogens causing UTI are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus species., Streptococcus agalactiae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Viridans streptococci, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa to list a few. Among these microbes, E. coli contributes to about 86% of the infection of UT. This study aims to provide an overview of recent advances in treatment strategies that can be followed to overcome UTI and to better understand the incidence, prevalence, mode of treatment, and efficacy of the disease. A thorough review of the articles was conducted to understand the disease incidence and etiology scenario, along with the latest advancement in the treatment mode and emerging medicine systems [4]
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