Abstract
The article presents a clinician's view of general diagnostic and differential diagnostic approaches in the analysis of urine data from patients with nephrological, therapeutic, and urological pathology. The features of the urinary syndrome are considered in detail, depending on the presence, quality, and severity of erythrocyturia, leukocyturia, proteinuria, and cylindruria in various diseases. In addition to traditional chronic kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis), diagnostic points and clinical examination of patients with urolithiasis, kidney and urinary tract tumors, urogenital tuberculosis, anomalies of the renal vessels, cystic dysplasia, and nephroptosis are described in detail.
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