Abstract
Introduction: The use of exogenous testosterone has become increasingly prevalent in sports fields, raising concerns about its potential risks and benefits. Methods & Materials: This study aimed to investigate the effects of testosterone supplementation on stone formation in the urinary tract and urine composition. A total of 1080 athletes participated in a two-year cross-sectional study, with 495 individuals receiving testosterone supplementation and 585 individuals serving as non-users. Blood and urine samples were collected, and CT scans were performed to assess stone presence. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in crystalluria among testosterone users compared to non-users (38.2% vs. 2.7%, p=0.004). Imaging findings also showed a higher incidence of abnormal results in testosterone users (25.2% vs. 4.3%, p=0.0017), with kidney calcification, pelvic and calyceal stones, ureteral stones, and bladder stones observed. Conclusion: However, further metabolic studies are required to establish a definitive cause-and-effect relationship between testosterone use and stone formation. This study sheds light on the potential risks associated with exogenous testosterone use and highlights the need for evidence-based recommendations in sports and athletic performance.
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