Abstract

IntroductionUrinary stone disease (USD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Western populations. However, the prevalence and relationship between USD and CVD risk have not been fully examined in the Chinese population.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 10,281 participants in rural China. All subjects underwent renal ultrasound to detect USD, brachial−ankle pulsewave velocity (baPWV) measurement to estimate arterial stiffness, and ankle−brachial index (ABI) examination to detect peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (defined as ABI <0.9 on at least 1 side of the body).ResultsMean age of the study population was 55.4 ± 10.0 years; 47.1% were men. Among all participants, 5.7% (n = 582) had USD, mean baPWV was 15.6 ± 3.2 m/s, and 4.0% had PAD. The prevalence of USD increased in parallel with mean arterial pressure, albuminuria, Framingham risk score, and baPWV. In multivariate analyses after adjustment for demographic characteristics, USD was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08−1.62), albuminuria (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.74−2.69), chronic kidney disease (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.70−2.62), increased arterial stiffness (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01−1.52), and PAD (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.04−2.16).DiscussionIn rural China, USD was associated with a high prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors, increased arterial stiffness, and PAD. The presence of USD should increase physician awareness of the concomitant presence of CVD risk factors.

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.