Abstract

We reviewed survey data deposited in the Global Neglected Tropical Diseases database and many other articles on the prevalence and distribution of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium surveys conducted over the period of 50 years under review using different diagnostic tools revealed that Ogun State has the highest prevalence, followed by Ekiti state, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in Adamawa. No incidence of Schistosoma haematobium was recorded for states such as Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Nasarawa, Jigawa and Gombe. In terms of endemicity, this review has shown that Nigeria is divided into four zones: hyperendemic, moderately endemic, low endemic, and no endemic zones. A survey of 47 (15%) of the 323 dams in Nigeria revealed that 45 out of the 47 dams are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the remaining two are located in the moderately endemic zone. Twenty (43%) of the total surveyed dams harboured Bulinus globosus and/or Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the local intermediate hosts of schistosomes, and 18 of these are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the other two are in the moderately endemic zone. We conclude that there is an urgent need to carry out a nationwide survey to help in planning, coordinating, and evaluating schistosomiasis control activities.

Highlights

  • Urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium is endemic in the sub-Saharan region of Africa, including

  • In sub-Saharan Africa alone, it is estimated that 70 million individuals experience haematuria, 32 million difficulty in urinating, 18 million bladder-wall pathology, and 10 million major hydronephrosis from infections caused by S. haematobium annually

  • We examined all the journals related to S. haematobium epidemiology listed on African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Summary

Introduction

Urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium is endemic in the sub-Saharan region of Africa, including. Disease transmission is contingent on the presence of infected water, the primary snail host, and contact with the human population [17]. Topics of interest were prevalence, disease burden, risk factors, effects of global health policies in terms of World Health Organization (WHO) programmes on schistosomiasis control and the federal government’s approach to disease surveillance, control of transmission, and the road map to morbidity control and elimination. This review is restricted to S. haematobium

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