Urinary schistosomiasis among residents of Kiri in Shelleng Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

The study determined the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among Kiri community in Shelleng Local Government area of Adamawa State. Two hundred and sixty four samples were collected from the residents. Macroscopic examination for haematuria and concentration technique for the detection of S. haematobium was employed. Result showed the prevalence of (76.1%). Males had higher (78.1%) infection than females (70.8%). The age bracket of 21-25 years (84.6%) were more infected than other age groups, and least infected were 0-5 years (69.2%). However, there was no significant difference with respect to age and sex (p>0.05). Participants who had contact with water greater than four times in a day (100.0%) were more infected, whereas those who had contact twice in a day (67.5%) were least (p>0.05). Macroscopic examination of urine samples were bloody (81.8%) with females (91.6%) higher than males (78.1%) (p>0.05). Prevalence of haematuria was more in the age bracket 11-15 years (100.0%) and least among 5-10 years (75.0%). These differences in the prevelance rate was not significant (p>0.05). Haematuria in urine compared to parasitological detection of S. haematobium indicated sensitivty of 83.3%, specificity 42.8%, positive predictive value 83.3%, negative predictive value 56.2% and percentage accuracy of 78.4%. The presence of macroscopic blood in urine was a reliable diagnostic tool for S. haematobium infection, because the difference was insignificant with parasitological method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and percentage accuracy are reliable in places where resources for diagnosis of S. haematobium is insufficient. This study revealed that Kiri community in Shelleng Local Government Area of Adamawa State was highly endemic with urinary schistosomiasis posing danger to health of the people. There is the need for immediate intervention by all stake holders in health in various arms of government. This include mass distribution of praziquantel to infected persons and health education.