Abstract
Firefighting rescues are high-hazard activities accompanied by uncertainty, urgency, and complexity. Knowledge of the metabolic characteristics during firefighting rescues is of great value. The purpose of this study was to explore the firefighting-induced physiological responses in greater depth. The urine samples of ten firefighters were collected before and after the simulated firefighting, and the proteins in urine samples were identified by the liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Blood lactate and heart rate were measured. There were 360 proteins up-regulated and 265 proteins downregulated after this simulated firefighting. Changes in protein expression were significantly related to acute inflammatory responses, immune responses, complement activation, and oxidative stress. Beta-2-microglobulin (r = 0.76, p < 0.05) and von Willebrand factors (r = 0.81, p < 0.01) were positively correlated with heart rate during simulated firefighting, and carbonic anhydrase 1 (r = 0.67, p < 0.05) were positively correlated with blood lactate after simulated firefighting. These results illustrated that Beta-2-microglobulin, von Willebrand, and carbonic anhydrase 1 could be regarded as important indicators to evaluate exercise intensity for firefighters.
Highlights
The occupational activities of firefighters expose them to high-hazard work situations, which are diverse, unpredictable, and complex [1,2]
The results indicated that the crunch tests score was negatively correlated with the simulated firefighting testing completion time (r = −0.671, p = 0.034), and the time of the 300-yard shuttle run blood lactate with was the positively correlated withtesting carbonic anhydrase
The results indicated that simulated tests induced rate during simulated firefighting was positively correlated with the beta 2-microglobulin, significant urinary proteomic changes, and there were 360 proteins significantly up-reguprocollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2, IGF-like family receptor 1, CD320 antigen, von lated and 265 proteins significantly downregulated after this simulated test
Summary
The occupational activities of firefighters expose them to high-hazard work situations, which are diverse, unpredictable, and complex [1,2]. Non-fire emergency, such as variable natural disasters, usually cause building collapse and induce wounds, cuts, and bleeding during firefighter activities [3]. Firefighters encounter toxic smoke or gas inhalation and high radiant heat loads in firegrounds [4,5]. These disasters result in severe human casualties and economic losses [6]. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) estimated that 60,825 firefighter injuries occurred in the United States in 2019 [3]. The total cost of fire in the United States in 2014 was USD 328.5 billion, which was 1.9% of the U.S Gross
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