Urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite and pancreatic cancer risk: case-control study in urban Shanghai.

Jing Zhao,Jing Wang,Jinfeng Du,Ying Gao,Yu-Tang Gao,Quan-Xing Ni,Harvey A Risch,Herbert Yu,Wei Zhang,Hongli Xu,Christopher Heeschen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118004

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer has been increasing in importance in Shanghai over the last four decades. The etiology of the disease is still unclear. Evidence suggests that the COX-2 pathway, an important component of inflammation, may be involved in the disease. We aimed to evaluate the association between urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGE-M) level and risk of pancreatic cancer. From a recent population-based case-control study in Shanghai, 200 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases and 200 gender- and age- frequency matched controls were selected for the present analysis. Urinary PGE-M was measured with a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric assay. Adjusted unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A positive association was observed between PGE-M leve and pancreatic cancer risk: OR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.01–2.63) for the third tertile compared to the first. Though the interactions were not statistically significant, the associations tended to be stronger among subjects with diabetes history (OR = 3.32; 95% CI 1.20–9.19) and higher meat intake (OR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.10–4.06). The result suggests that higher urinary PGE-M level may be associated with increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Highlights

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in the world [1]
Our study aimed to explore the association between urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGE-M) levels and pancreatic cancer risk in a case-control study conducted in urban Shanghai
In the basic model, compared to the lowest tertile, the highest level of urinary PGE-M was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer, with odds ratio (OR) estimate of 1.63 (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in the world [1]. In the past 40 years, the incidence of this cancer has been increasing rapidly in China. Among all Chinese cities, Shanghai has the highest mortality from this disease [2]. In 1973, the urban Shanghai pancreatic cancer annual incidence rates were 3.66 per 105 for men and 3.20 per 105 for women [3], whereas in 2000, the rates had substantially increased to 11.22 and 10.93, respectively [3]. The lack of PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0118004. The lack of PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0118004 February 13, 2015

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