Abstract
BackgroundMuscle and bone interactions might be associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Urinary pentosidine and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) might affect muscle and bone interactions. It is unclear whether these biomarkers are affected by age and sex or play a role in muscle and physical functions. We aimed to investigate the association between urinary pentosidine and serum 25(OH)D levels with muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in community-dwelling adults.MethodsTwo-hundred and fifty-four middle-aged and elderly adults were enrolled. There was no significant difference in age between 97 men (75.0 ± 8.9 years) and 157 women (73.6 ± 8.1 years). The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength, and gait speed were assessed. The urinary pentosidine level was measured. We evaluated the association of urinary pentosidine and serum 25(OH)D levels with age and sex (student’s t-test) and correlations between biomarker and each variable (Pearson’s correlation coefficients). Multiple regression analysis was performed with grip strength and gait speed as dependent variables and with age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), speed of sound (SOS), SMI, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 25(OH)D, and pentosidine as independent variables using the stepwise method.ResultsThe urinary pentosidine level was negatively correlated with grip strength, gait speed, eGFR, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in men and with SOS, grip strength, and gait speed in women. The serum 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with IGF-1 in women and grip strength in men. Grip strength was associated with age, height, and pentosidine in men and height and pentosidine in women. Gait speed was associated with age, BMI, and pentosidine in men and age, height, and pentosidine in women.ConclusionUrinary pentosidine levels are significantly associated with grip strength and gait speed and may serve as a biomarker of muscle and bone interactions.
Highlights
Muscle and bone interactions might be associated with osteoporosis and sarcopenia
We focused on urinary pentosidine and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels as biomarkers that might affect muscle and bone interactions
Serum 25(OH)D and urinary pentosidine levels are shown in scatter plots by age in Fig. 1a-d. 25(OH)D was not correlated with age in either men (r = − 0.116, p = 0.258) or women (r = − 0.014, p = 0.864)
Summary
Urinary pentosidine and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) might affect muscle and bone interactions. It is unclear whether these biomarkers are affected by age and sex or play a role in muscle and physical functions. We focused on urinary pentosidine and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels as biomarkers that might affect muscle and bone interactions. Urinary pentosidine was reported to be a risk factor for fragile fractures, independent of age, and bone density in postmenopausal women [7]. On this basis, in recent years, urinary pentosidine has been used as a bone quality marker
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