Urinary Nitrite Excretion after Prophylactic Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Premature Infants

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the correlation between the prophylactic administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to preterm infants and urinary nitrite levels, which can be utilized as an index of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) formation, and to determine if NO formation plays a role in both therapeutic and adverse effects of IVIG. Methods: 28 healthy preterm infants were included in this prospective study. They had a mean gestational age of 29.4 ± 2.2 weeks and weight of 1,387 ± 371 g. Prophylactic IVIG infusion at a dose of 0.5 g/kg/day was administered when they were 3–10 days old. Urine samples of the neonates were obtained for analysis on days 1, 2 and 3 after IVIG administration as well as 1 day before. Urinary nitrite levels obtained in the subjects were normalized for urinary creatinine concentrations. Results: The mean urinary nitrite levels were: 2.77 ± 1.66 μmol/mmol creatinine before IVIG administration; 4.33 ± 3.88 μmol/mmol creatinine on the 1st day of IVIG; 3.77 ± 2.73 μmol/mmol creatinine on the 2nd day, and 3.64 ± 3.28 μmol/mmol creatinine on the 3rd day. There was a significant increase in urinary nitrite levels between before and after IVIG administration. There was no statistical difference in urinary nitrate levels between days 1, 2 and 3 after IVIG administration. Conclusion: We demonstrated that urinary nitrite excretion is significantly elevated in preterm infants after prophylactic IVIG administration and this result suggests that endogenous NO formation may play an important role in both the therapeutic and adverse effects of IVIG.