Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to detect the urinary levels of dimethoate, benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in first-year Hohai University students with different geographic origins.MethodsFirst-morning urine samples were collected from 540 healthy freshmen aged 17 to 19 years. Chemical levels were measured using β-glucuronidase hydrolysis followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method. Geometric means (GMs) of these three chemicals are presented by body mass index (BMI) and location in a volume-based and creatinine-standardized way.ResultsGM concentrations of omethoate, BPA and 3-OHBaP were 9.47 μg/L (10.80 μg/g creatinine), 3.54 μg/L (4.04 μg/g creatinine) and 0.34 ng/L (0.39 ng/g creatinine), respectively. The GM concentration of omethoate in males was significantly higher than that in females. The individuals with a BMI higher than 23.9 had higher GM concentrations of omethoate, BPA, and 3-OHBaP. The inhabitants of Southwest China had significantly lower GM concentrations of omethoate, BPA, and 3-OHBaP than those who lived in other locations in China.ConclusionThe average level of environmental chemical accumulation in freshmen is lower in Southwest China and differs in youth who live in different regions. In addition, obesity is correlated with higher toxin levels in youth.
Highlights
Pollution of air, water, and food has been increasing as a consequence of global climate change, pesticide misuse, and industry development [1]; the negative effects of environmental pollution on human health have recently become a serious concern
Humans are exposed to pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and bisphenol A (BPA) through drinking water, food, dust, and ambient air [2], and exposure to these pollutants is tightly linked to the initiation and progression of multiple diseases [3]
Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP) is one of the most studied PAHs classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen [16]
Summary
Water, and food has been increasing as a consequence of global climate change, pesticide misuse, and industry development [1]; the negative effects of environmental pollution on human health have recently become a serious concern. Humans are exposed to pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and bisphenol A (BPA) through drinking water, food, dust, and ambient air [2], and exposure to these pollutants is tightly linked to the initiation and progression of multiple diseases [3]. The objective of this study was to detect the urinary levels of dimethoate, benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in first-year Hohai University students with different geographic origins
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