Urinary kallikrein excretion in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies: 8 years later

Abstract

In a previous longitudinal study of urinary kallikrein (UK) excretion in pregnancy we reported that women with low inactive UK (IUK) to creatinine ratio (IUK:Cr), measured at 16–20 weeks gestation, were at increased risk of developing pregnancy induced hypertension. In this study, 8 years later, we have recalled 14 women who had an IUK:Cr ≤170 (Gp1) and became hypertensive in late pregnancy and 14 women who had IUK:Cr>170 and remained normotensive (Gp2). Resting blood pressure (BP) and BP response following application of cutaneous cold to assess vasoconstrictor reactivity were measured. A timed urine sample was also collected for measurements of components of the kallikrein kinin system (KKS): IUK, active UK (AUK), kininogen (UKg), urinary kinins (UKi). Urinary creatinine (UCr) was also measured. The correlation between IUK:Cr during the 1989–1990 study and current measurement was r2=0.52, p<0.0001. Although resting BP was higher in Gp1 than Gp2 this was not significantly different. However, there was a greater change in diastolic BP in Gp1 than in Gp2 in response to the cold pressor test (p<0.04). Excretion rates of IUK, UKg and UKi were significantly lower in Gp1, p<0.006, p<0.003, p<0.03, respectively. AUK was also reduced in Gp1 but did not reach statistical significance. Women with reduced activity of the renal KKS combined with increased sympathetic drive may be at increased risk of developing hypertension.