Urinary Incontinence and Its Association with Physical and Psycho-Cognitive Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older People Living in Nursing Homes.

Pau Farrés-Godayol,Javier Jerez-Roig,Anna Escribà-Salvans,Maria Giné-Garriga,Montse Romero-Mas,Laura Coll-Planas,Miriam Molas-Tuneu,Meltem Yildirim,Miriam Torres-Moreno,Joanne Booth,Eduard Minobes-Molina,Sandra Rierola-Fochs

doi:10.3390/ijerph19031500

Abstract

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common geriatric syndrome affecting bladder health and is especially prevalent in nursing homes (NHs). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of UI and its associated factors in five Spanish NHs. UI (measured with Minimum Data Set 3.0), sociodemographic, and health-related variables were collected. Chi-square (or Fisher’s) or Student’s t-test (or Mann Whitney U) for bivariate analysis were used, with Prevalence Ratio (PR) as an association measure. The prevalence of UI was 66.1% (CI:95%, 53.6–77.2) in incontinent (n = 45, mean age 84.04, SD = 7.7) and continent (n = 23, mean age 83.00, SD = 7.7) groups. UI was significantly associated with frailty (PR = 1.84; 95%CI 0.96–3.53), faecal incontinence (PR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.02–2.65), anxiety (PR = 1.64; 95%CI 1.01–2.66), physical performance (PR = 1.77; 95%CI 1.00–3.11), and cognitive state (PR = 1.95; 95%CI 1.05–3.60). Statistically significant differences were found between incontinent and continent NH residents for limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), mobility, quality of life, sedentary behaviour, and handgrip strength. It can be concluded that two out of three of the residents experienced UI, and significant associated factors were mainly physical (sedentary behaviour, frailty, physical performance, ADL limitations, mobility, faecal incontinence, and handgrip strength) followed by psycho-cognitive factors (cognition, anxiety, and quality of life).

Highlights

IntroductionDuring this transition, the number of people in the European Union (EU) aged 75–84 years is projected to expand by 56.1%, while the number aged 65–74 years is expected to increase by 16.6% [1]
Regarding other information on pelvic health given by the Minimum Data Set (MDS), we found a prevalence of FI of 35% and
Regarding factors associated with Urinary incontinence (UI), our results show that incontinent residents had greater decline in their physical health and in their psycho-cognitive health than the continent individuals

Summary

Introduction

During this transition, the number of people in the EU aged 75–84 years is projected to expand by 56.1%, while the number aged 65–74 years is expected to increase by 16.6% [1]. The number of people in the EU aged 75–84 years is projected to expand by 56.1%, while the number aged 65–74 years is expected to increase by 16.6% [1] This complex process is caused by low fertility rates, increased life expectancy, and, in some cases, migratory patterns. This transition to an aged demographic pyramid in the coming decades will represent a challenge that will have to be managed in every country 4.0/).

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Discussion

Conclusion