Abstract
Objective: Increasing the efficiency of early diagnosis using noninvasive biomarkers is crucial for enhancing the survival rate of lung cancer patients. We explore the differential expression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in urinary exosomes in NSCLC patients and normal controls to diagnose lung cancer.Methods: A differential expression analysis between NSCLC patients and healthy controls was performed using microarrays. Gene ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to predict potential functions of lncRNAs in NSCLC. quantitative real-time PCR (QT-PCR) was used to verify microarray results.Results: A total of 640 lncRNAs (70 up- and 570 down-regulated) were differentially expressed in NSCLC patients in comparison to healthy controls. Six lncRNAs were detected by QT-PCR. GO term and KEGG pathway analyses showed that differential lncRNAs were enriched in cellular component organization or biogenesis, as well as other biological processes and signaling pathways, such as the PI3K-AKT, FOXO, p53, and fatty acid biosynthesis.Conclusions: The differential lncRNAs in urinary exosomes are potential diagnostic biomarkers of NSCLC. The lncRNAs enriched in specific pathways may be associated with tumor cell proliferation, tumor cell apoptosis, and the cell cycle involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
Highlights
Lung cancer is one of the three most commonly occurring malignancies on a global scale
Exosomes are microvesicles with diameters of 30–100 nm secreted by a large variety of cells from various biofluids that carry a repertoire of functional biomolecules, including genomic DNA, RNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNAs, and protein [7,8]
The results revealed the dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and miRNAs in exosomes from urine samples
Summary
Lung cancer is one of the three most commonly occurring malignancies on a global scale. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases [1,2]. Despite considerable advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of early-stage lung cancer, the 5-year survival rate of NSCLC patients remains low, and early diagnosis of NSCLC is still a major challenge [3,4]. The exploration of potential molecular targets for early detection or intervention/treatment of lung cancer is urgently needed to reduce lung cancer mortality [5,6]. Exosomes serve as potential biomarkers for early cancer detection [9]. The lung cancer-derived exosome represents the cell of origin in numerous aspects [4,10]. It must be intensively studied to better understand cell–cell communication and cancer proliferation
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