Abstract
ScopeCoffee is a major natural source of niacin in the human diet, as it is formed during coffee roasting from the alkaloid trigonelline. The intention of our study was to monitor the urinary excretion of niacin metabolites after coffee consumption under controlled diet.Methods and resultsWe performed a 4‐day human intervention study on the excretion of major niacin metabolites in the urine of volunteers after ingestion of 500 mL regular coffee containing 34.8 μmol nicotinic acid (NA) and 0.58 μmol nicotinamide (NAM). In addition to NA and NAM, the metabolites N 1‐methylnicotinamide (NMNAM), N 1‐methyl‐2‐pyridone‐5‐carboxamide (2‐Py), and nicotinuric acid (NUA) were identified and quantified in the collected urine samples by stable isotope dilution analysis (SIVA) using HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Rapid urinary excretion was observed for the main metabolites (NA, NAM, NMNAM, and 2‐Py), with t max values within the first hour after ingestion. NUA appeared in traces even more rapidly. In sum, 972 nmol h−1 of NA, NAM, NMNAM, and 2‐Py were excreted within 12 h after coffee consumption, corresponding to 6% of the ingested NA and NAM.ConclusionThe results indicate regular coffee consumption to be a source of niacin in human diet.
Highlights
Nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM), known as carboxamide (2-Py) and N1-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide.[12,13] The niacin, belong to the group of B-vitamins
NA, NAM, and their metabolites in coffee and urine samples were identified by cochromatography in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-mode with reference compounds
In addition to NA and NAM, the metabolites NMNAM, 2-Py, and nicotinuric acid (NUA) were quantified by stable isotope dilution analysis (SIVA) using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Summary
Nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM), known as carboxamide (2-Py) and N1-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide.[12,13] The niacin, belong to the group of B-vitamins (vitamin B3). Be 36 mg for men and 27 mg for women.[2] NA and NAM has recommended the determination of urinary metabolites, namely NMNAM and 2-Py, as a way of measuring an individual’s niacin intake.[1] In a human intervention study performed. E. Richling Department of Chemistry Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Molecular Nutrition Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern, Germany by Lang et al (2010), urinary levels of NA were found to increase 2 h after consuming 350 mL coffee.[16] the metabolite nicotinuric acid (NUA) was only detected in urine samples from participants given pharmacological doses (up to 3 g).[14]. Most human intervention studies were conducted with the administration of pharmacological doses.[23,24,25] Our study was and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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