Abstract

Bisphenols are endocrine disruptors that may be associated with altered fetal growth in humans, and they have similar biological functions to mimic hormones. In addition, aggregated chemicals showed an adverse effect although individual concentration was at a low level. However, most studies between bisphenols and birth outcomes have focused on the effect of individual bisphenol. Thus, we explored the associations of urinary bisphenol mixtures with birth outcomes. We conducted a prospective birth cohort study in South Korea. One hundred eighty mother-infant pairs were recruited from 2017 to 2019. Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) in one spot urine were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We used two statistical approaches to examine potential associations of BPA, BPF, and BPS with birth weight and gestational age: (1) multivariable linear regression; (2) Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). The geometric means of BPA, BPF, and BPS were 2.1, 0.2, and 0.1 μg/L, respectively. In stratified linear analyses by each median value, a higher BPF was positively associated with birth weight (g) (β = 125.5; 95% CI: 45.0 to 205.9). Mixture analyses using BKMR suggested an inverse association between bisphenol mixtures and birth weight. Our findings suggest that in utero bisphenol exposure may influence birth weight and that such relationships may differ considering non-linearity and the combined effect.

Highlights

  • Bisphenols are a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) frequently used in manufacturing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, which are found in various consumer products, such as plastic baby bottles, toys, and epoxy food-can linings [1,2]

  • We found nonlinear associations of Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) on birth weight

  • In this prospective birth cohort study, we examined the associations of the gestational concentrations of bisphenols with birth weight and gestational age

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Summary

Introduction

Bisphenols are a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) frequently used in manufacturing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, which are found in various consumer products, such as plastic baby bottles, toys, and epoxy food-can linings [1,2]. Despite their relatively short elimination half-life, bisphenols are associated with adverse health outcomes, such as altered reproduction and neurodevelopment, obesity, and metabolic disorders, among other developmental and chronic impairments [3]. The increased use of bisphenol A (BPA) led scientists, regulators, and the general public to voice concerns over its safety.

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