Abstract
ObjectivesKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute pediatric vasculitis of infants and young children with unknown etiology and no specific laboratory-based test to identify. A specific molecular diagnostic test is urgently needed to support the clinical decision of proper medical intervention, preventing subsequent complications of coronary artery aneurysms. We used a simple and low-cost colorimetric sensor array to address the lack of a specific diagnostic test to differentiate KD from febrile control (FC) patients with similar rash/fever illnesses.Study DesignDemographic and clinical data were prospectively collected for subjects with KD and FCs under standard protocol. After screening using a genetic algorithm, eleven compounds including metalloporphyrins, pH indicators, redox indicators and solvatochromic dye categories, were selected from our chromatic compound library (n = 190) to construct a colorimetric sensor array for diagnosing KD. Quantitative color difference analysis led to a decision-tree-based KD diagnostic algorithm.ResultsThis KD sensing array allowed the identification of 94% of KD subjects (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area under the curve [AUC] 0.981) in the training set (33 KD, 33 FC) and 94% of KD subjects (ROC AUC: 0.873) in the testing set (16 KD, 17 FC). Color difference maps reconstructed from the digital images of the sensing compounds demonstrated distinctive patterns differentiating KD from FC patients.ConclusionsThe colorimetric sensor array, composed of common used chemical compounds, is an easily accessible, low-cost method to realize the discrimination of subjects with KD from other febrile illness.
Highlights
Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute pediatric vasculitis, has become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the United States [1]
Quantitative color difference analysis led to a decision-tree-based KD diagnostic algorithm. This KD sensing array allowed the identification of 94% of KD subjects in the training set (33 KD, 33 febrile control (FC)) and 94% of KD subjects (ROC area under curve (AUC): 0.873) in the testing set (16 KD, 17 FC)
The colorimetric sensor array, composed of common used chemical compounds, is an accessible, low-cost method to realize the discrimination of subjects with KD from other febrile illness
Summary
Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute pediatric vasculitis, has become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the United States [1]. Sensor specificity is achieved through quantitative digital imaging and analysis of the composite color difference map Such cross-reactive and unique composite response sensor arrays have been studied for the identification of toxic industrial gases and vapors [5,6,7,8] and organic compound analytes in aqueous liquids [4, 9]. It had been used for clinical specimens, such as cancer diagnosis based on exhaled gases [10]. The colorimetric array sensing compounds can be procured at low cost, and the sensing array can be reduced to a microarray format with high-throughput printing technology
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