Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine disruptor and has been associated with deleterious effects on spermatogenesis and male fertility. Bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) are structurally similar to BPA, but knowledge of their effects on male fertility remains limited. In this cross–sectional study, we investigated the associations between exposure to BPA, BPF, and BPS and semen quality in 556 men 18–20 years of age from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort. A urine sample was collected from each participant for determination of BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations while a semen sample was collected to determine ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. Associations between urinary bisphenol levels (continuous and quartile–divided) and semen characteristics were estimated using a negative binomial regression model adjusting for urine creatinine concentration, alcohol intake, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), fever, sexual abstinence time, maternal pre–pregnancy BMI, and first trimester smoking, and highest parental education during first trimester. We found no associations between urinary bisphenol of semen quality in a sample of young men from the general Danish population.
Highlights
We aimed to investigate the association between urinary Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) concentrations and semen characteristics among young Danish men from the general population and hypothesised that higher urinary BPA, BPF and BPS concentrations are associated with lower semen quality characteristics
Distributions of urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations, and semen characteristics are presented in Tables 2 and 3
Significant estimates were only observed at intermediate levels, and non-monotonic dose response associations have previously been observed in relation to BPA exposure [38], no previous studies have shown non-monotonic dose response associations for the specific endpoints studied, and no biological explanation seems likely to substantiate these findings
Summary
Infertility is a reproductive disorder defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy within twelve months of unprotected and frequent intercourse. The estimated prevalence of infertility among couples is 15%, with up to 50% attributed to male factors [1,2]. The specific etiological factors of male infertility remain elusive in many cases [3]. It has been proposed that exposure to environmental toxicants, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, is an important contributor to male infertility [4]. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor mainly used in epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics [5,6]. BPA has become a significant health concern since humans
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