Urinary Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Bladder Cancer Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the growth and progress of cancer, thus we evaluated the levels of urinary basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in bladder cancer (Ca) patients and investigated any possible correlation between this angiogenic factor with tumor stage and grade. Materials and Methods: Urine samples from 41 patients with bladder Ca, 11 patients with history of bladder Ca but negative follow-up cystoscopy, 18 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and 15 normal healthy volunteers were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bFGF. Resulting values were normalized against urine creatinine and expressed as pg/g. Results: The median urinary bFGF level of patients with active disease, history of bladder carcinoma and negative follow-up cystoscopy, BPH, and healthy volunteers were 2,717, 1,009, 1,414 and 1,100 pg/g, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between median bFGF levels of patients with active bladder Ca and those of the other groups (p = 0.000). Eleven patients with invasive bladder Ca had a median bFGF value of 6,880 pg/g that was significantly increased (p = 0.002) compared to the median of 2,312 pg/g of those with superficial tumors (Ta 14, T1 16). Grades 1, 2 and 3 carcinoma were found in 5, 19 and 17 patients which had a median bFGF of 2,717, 1,762 and 3,617 pg/g, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). Conclusions: Our results confirm the implication of bFGF in the biology of bladder cancer, and demonstrate that urinary bFGF concentration seems to be significantly related to the stage but not to the grade of the disease supporting the proposed mechanisms of release of bFGF. Further studies are required in order to validate the potential clinical applications of bFGF for specific groups of bladder cancer patients.