Abstract
Background: Guidelines recommend initial rate control in haemodynamically stable patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). However, patients with persistent tachycardia or worsening heart failure despite medical therapy may require restoration of sinus rhythm. There are limited data on urgent rhythm control. We investigated the outcomes of patients managed with urgent direct current cardioversion (DCCV) or ablation.
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