Abstract
This study systematically reviews the peer-reviewed literature on livestock production and food security in urbanizing environments of developing countries to synthesize the existing evidence and identify priorities for future research. Specifically, a systematic literature review was undertaken using PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases over the period 1980–2017, resulting in a final number of 72 articles meeting our selection criteria. The results revealed a fragmentation in the literature, which draws from a very small number of studies, and is positioned in widely varied research areas, environments, livestock systems and consumption patterns. With such heterogeneity, drawing generalizations from the literature may be unreachable. Furthermore, the literature is largely qualitative in nature, with very few comprehensive models to capture and integrate empirical evidence. Food security was typically found to be narrowly defined, focusing primarily on interlinks with livestock supply. Considerably less attention has been given to other relevant dimensions of food security, such as accessibility, utilization and stability. Another important finding of relevance to food security is a need to address the “missing middle” in livestock value chains since the literature has customarily concentrated extensively on the two ends of the livestock value chain, i.e., on production and consumption, while widely ignoring other elements and actors along the value chain. A further focus on the interrelationships between livestock production, food security and urbanization in developing countries through a holistic and interdisciplinary approach is recommended. Particularly, future research aiming to understand livestock systems in the context of rapid urbanization should put more emphasis on addressing the full continuum of the livestock value chain and the four dimensions that drive food security in developing countries and how they possibly interrelate.
Highlights
Over the few decades, urbanization will be a defining trend in many developing regions of the world, where urban growth is occurring most quickly and where the bulk of of sustainable development (Sonnino 2016; Szabo 2016; UNFAO 2017; UN Habitat 2005).Livestock production, the largest land use sector worldwide, is an important part of this scene
The dominance of studies focusing on Asia and Africa was not surprising given the significant role that livestock plays in food security in these regions and given that urbanization is occurring most rapidly in countries and cities of those two regions (Seto et al 2012)
This study examined research that addressed the interactions between livestock production and food security in urbanizing environments in developing countries
Summary
Over the few decades, urbanization will be a defining trend in many developing regions of the world, where urban growth is occurring most quickly and where the bulk of of sustainable development (Sonnino 2016; Szabo 2016; UNFAO 2017; UN Habitat 2005).Livestock production, the largest land use sector worldwide, is an important part of this scene. Livestock production will inevitably play an instrumental role in achieving sustainable food security in developing countries (Godber and Wall 2014). Livestock act as a crucial food resource in the case of crop failures (IFAD 2007; Kabubo-Mariara 2009), especially in low-income areas and marginal habitats that are unsuitable for crop production. They have the ability to recycle nutrients and utilize marginal land and by-products and turn these inedible by-products into nutritious food for humans (Röös et al 2017). Http:// www.fao.org/fsnforum/sites/default/files/files/126_Urban_Rural_ Transformation/UrbRurZeroDraft.pdf Accessed 16 April, 2018.
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