Abstract
This study considered the dynamic relationship between urbanization and CO<sub>2</sub> emission on longevity in West African countries. The importance of urbanization to developing countries cannot be overemphasized; but it comes with a cost (CO<sub>2</sub> emission). Hence the need to observe the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> emission on longevity becomes necessary. This study incorporated the theory of health production into Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and explored the Fully Modified (FM) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) methods to conduct the social scientific enquiry. The outcomes of the panel co integration analysis are confirmed using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator to reaffirm the results of this study. The estimated coefficient for FMOLS presents urbanization (1.538) with CO<sub>2</sub> emission (-11.38) and DOLS reaffirmed urbanization (1.126) with CO<sub>2</sub> (-18.10) at 1% significant respectively. PMG indicated that the confirmatory test of a priori expectation is correct. The result showed that CO<sub>2</sub> emission and urbanization had negative and positive significant effect on longevity respectively. Therefore, the study re-validates that at long run the threshold for CO<sub>2</sub> emission must be established as developing countries especially West African countries yearn for development. The study concluded that in ECOWAS countries, urbanization spur longevity while CO<sub>2</sub> emission retards it.
Highlights
Overtime different reports show that the rate of World urban population needs immediate attention especially in Africa
The main objective of this study is to find out the level of impact created by urbanization and CO2 emission on longevity in ECOWAS countries
Bangake et al suggested a way out by employing the fundamental theme that only consider the data of long run hypothesis of interest and allow the short run to be potentially heterogeneous for the panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) approaches [5]
Summary
Kamp et al urbanization moves with urban lifestyle that cannot be separated from social economic pollution which has positive or negative effect on CO2 emission such as increase in industrial activities, increase in transportation and disruption of ecosystem which will have effect on the health quality of the people [27]. Longevity could be used to measure the actual effect of CO2 on health quality It on this premise, that this study envisaged that urbanization and CO2 emission may have effect on longevity in West African countries. The main objective of this study is to find out the level of impact created by urbanization and CO2 emission on longevity in ECOWAS countries. This study used the panel data analysis for fifteen ECOWAS countries to examine the relationship among CO2 Emission, Urbanization and Longevity.
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