Abstract
Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in food systems, environmental quality, climate change and agriculture livelihoods in the overall urban ecosystem setting and its sustainability. The paper explores Dar es Salaam, a rapidly expanding city in Sub-Saharan Africa, and shows that urban agriculture provides urban ecosystem services and contributes to environmental sustainability. The interconnections of environmental justice, urban ecosystem services and climate change and variability found eminent feature that influence land governance, productivity and aesthetic value of the city. The study reaffirms the pivotal role urban agriculture which plays to enhance community health services and access to resources, with important implications on urban environmental sustainability and redistributive spatial land use planning policies and practices. The process of urbanisation, forms of urban agriculture and government strategies for enhanced urban food systems in the city economy have been highlighted. Equally, the process triggers the transformation of settlements from rural in character to modernity with an augmented land use conflicts. The results suggests that with increasing population, a clear spatial land use planning and management strategy is required to overcome the challenges and enhanced food systems and urban environmental sustainability in rapidly urbanizing cities like Dar es Salaam in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Highlights
Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in land use, land transactions, increased rural-urban immigration and the overall urban agriculture land use in Dar es Salaam city
The results suggests that with increasing population, a clear spatial land use planning and management strategy is required to over- come the challenges and enhanced food systems and urban environmental sustainability in rapidly urbanizing cities like Dar es Salaam in Sub-Saharan Africa
Urbanization is central to global environmental change among other factors that is necessary to be an integral part in understanding urban sustainability, urban ecosystems and towards transition towards sustainability
Summary
Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in land use, land transactions, increased rural-urban immigration and the overall urban agriculture land use in Dar es Salaam city. Urban land use planning instruments such as zoning and density distribution and principles including equitable provision of basic services in urban land development are important ingredients for integrating urban agriculture in land use planning processes for improved urban ecosystems and food security. The process of expansion of the city boundaries is resulting in periurban settlements coming within the city’s “zone of influence”. This is increasing interaction of residents including smallholder farmers’ access to the city economy, in terms of capital outsourcing from relatives and friends. It helps the provision of labour and exchange of goods and services. This is one fact of the villages, from rural in character to periurban char-
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