Abstract
This study explores urbanization and flood events in the northern coast of Central Java with river basin as its unit of analysis. Two types of analysis were applied (i.e., spatial data and non-spatial data analysis) at four river basin areas in Central Java—Indonesia. The spatial analysis is focused on the assessment of LULC change in 2009–2018 based on Landsat Imagery. The non-spatial data (i.e., rural-urban classification and flood events) were overlaid with results of spatial data analyses. Our findings show that urbanization, as indicated by the growth rate of built-up areas, is very significant. Notable exposure to flood has taken place in the urban and potentially urban areas. The emerging discussion indicates that river basins possess dual spatial identity in the urban system (policy- and land-use-related). Proper land use planning and control is an essential instrument to safeguard urban areas (such as the case study area) and the entire island of Java in Indonesia. More attention should be put upon the river basin areas in designing eco-based approach to tackle the urban flood crises. In this case, the role of governance in flood management is crucial.
Highlights
Flood is the most common disaster across the globe [1,2,3,4]
We addressed two main research questions : (1) How have urbanization and flood events taken place from the perspective of river basin delineation? (2) To what extent the comprehension of river basin as land and land use could contribute to reducing flood risk through land use policy and better flood management? To answer these questions, this paper is divided into three main sections
Limited attention has been paid to the potential effects of river basins on urbanization-associated floods
Summary
Rapid urbanization in low-lying areas leads to higher exposure to various types of floods, in addition to the increase in coastal flooding caused by sea-level rise and rainfall pattern deviation as a result of climate change [5,6,7,8,9]. Urbanization can be clearly indicated by the conversion of land into residential areas based on the premise that the growing urban population requires more land. Land conversion expands both downstream and upstream to accommodate the needs and activities of the growing urban populations. 469) assert that urbanization is a significant contributor to changes in the river system and structure as it usually increases flood risk. (p. 1341) and Chin [11] (p. 469) assert that urbanization is a significant contributor to changes in the river system and structure as it usually increases flood risk.
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