Urbanisation and a Culture-Based Strategy: Crafting a New Type of Spatial Vision for Zanzibar

Abstract

This paper outlines the process, challenges and successes in developing the first-ever National Urban Policy (NUP) in Zanzibar Islands. It reveals the influence of NUP and the implementation of the UNESCO Recommendation of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) on paradigm change regarding urban conservation, urbanisation and urban development in the Islands. It also shows the influence of NUP and HUL in coordinating stakeholders and creating an innovative framework, which serves as a new basis to mainstream ideas of sustainable urban development in Zanzibar. Through HUL and NUP, challenges were thoroughly evaluated, threats were closely analysed, and opportunities were better appreciated. Through this process, communities were entirely involved and fully engaged in the planning of Zanzibar. The paper also demonstrates how the idea of cultural-based strategy was derived. It highlights how the discussions on NUP and HUL have offered a broader perspective and led actors and stakeholders to positively recognise the prospects of urbanisation and the merit of culture-based strategy. The discussion on these tools facilitates authorities and stakeholders to realise a vital link between urban conservation and urban planning in Zanzibar. It also allows them to better understand the role of culture and creative industries as an enabler and driver of sustainable development. The culture-based strategy aims to influence inclusive, resilient and vibrant urban development in a future green and smart Zanzibar, and to ensure that the targets of new Urban Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are met.