Abstract
Among the various definitions of the “urban way of life” in Japanese social science, Susumu Kurasawa's (1987) definition is most widely accepted in sociology. “Way of life” here refers to a way of coping with common and collective problems in the community. A “rural way of life” is characterized by a strong capacity of residents’ households to deal with common problems and their dependence on the mutual aid systems of laypeople in coping with collective problems. In contrast, the “urban way of life” is characterized by the low ability of households to sustain themselves, and their consequential dependence on the specialized systems of experts and professional institutions.
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