Abstract
From late 1937 on, there was a resurgence in Spain of endemic diseases such as trachoma. This disease had been controlled since the beginning of the twentieth century, especially during the Second Republic (1931-1936); however, the decline in living conditions and the population displacements during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) facilitated the resurgence of endemic trachoma. This article seeks to analyze the consequences of the Civil War on the struggle against infantile trachoma in Valencia, a city in the rearguard of the Republican zone in which poverty and overcrowding appeared suddenly, an ideal scenario for an outbreak of trachoma.
Highlights
From late 1937 on, there was a resurgence in Spain of endemic diseases such as trachoma
This disease had been controlled since the beginning of the twentieth century, especially during the Second Republic (1931-1936); the decline in living conditions and the population displacements during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) facilitated the resurgence of endemic trachoma
This article seeks to analyze the consequences of the Civil War on the struggle against infantile trachoma in Valencia, a city in the rearguard of the Republican zone in which poverty and overcrowding appeared suddenly, an ideal scenario for an outbreak of trachoma
Summary
Los higienistas de la Europa del tránsito del siglo XIX al XX defendían que las enfermedades infecciosas no podían ser abordadas en exclusividad desde la doctrina bacteriológica, sino que, además, se debía tener en cuenta las circunstancias socioeconómicas de los grupos humanos que las padecían. En la línea de lo que había hecho la Dirección General de Sanidad durante la etapa prebélica, a finales de 1937 el Ministerio de Instrucción Pública y Sanidad republicano editó un opúsculo en el que se glosaban los éxitos conseguidos en materia sanitaria tras siete meses de gobierno del Frente Popular, centrándose en las luchas antituberculosa y antitracomatosa, en las enfermedades mentales y en las infantiles. Todo parece indicar que en Valencia durante la Guerra Civil confluyeron los principales factores determinantes de la irrupción de una epidemia de tracoma, sin olvidar que la ciudad y la provincia tradicionalmente habían sido un foco endémico. Por habernos referido anteriormente a ello, no tendremos en cuenta aquellas infraestructuras sanitarias que ya existían antes de la guerra y que sufrieron un aumento de la presión asistencial, es decir, el Hospital Provincial y el Instituto Provincial de Higiene
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