Abstract
PurposeUrbanisation causes changes in land use, from natural or rural to urban, leading to the sealing of soil and the replacement of vegetation by buildings, roads and pavements. The sealing process impacts soil properties and services and can lead to negative consequences for microbial attributes and processes in soil. At present, information about the microbial community following soil sealing is limited. As such, we investigated how changes in soil physical and chemical properties caused by sealing affect the soil microbial community and soil ecosystem services.Material and methodsSoils were sampled beneath impervious pavements (sealed) and from adjacent pervious greenspace areas (unsealed). Soil properties (total C, total N, C:N ratio and water content) and microbial attributes (microbial biomass C, N-mineralisation and phospholipid fatty acids—PLFA) were measured and correlated.Results and discussionA reduction of total C, total N, and water content were observed in sealed soil, whilst the C:N ratio increased. Sealed soil also presented a reduction in microbial attributes, with low N-mineralisation revealing suppressed microbial activity. PLFA data presented positive correlations with total C, total N and water content, suggesting that the microbial community may be reduced in sealed soil as a response to soil properties. Furthermore, fungal:bacterial and gram-positive:gram-negative bacterial ratios were lower in sealed soil indicating degradation in C sequestration and a consequential effect on C storage.ConclusionsSealing causes notable changes in soil properties leading to subsequent impacts upon the microbial community and the reduction of microbial activity and soil C storage potential.
Highlights
Urbanisation causes considerable impacts on soil properties and services (Yan et al 2015, 2016)
We investigated how changes in soil physical and chemical properties caused by sealing affect the soil microbial community and soil ecosystem services
Sealing causes notable changes in soil properties leading to subsequent impacts upon the microbial community and the reduction of microbial activity and soil C storage potential
Summary
Urbanisation causes considerable impacts on soil properties and services (Yan et al 2015, 2016). Carbon (C) storage is an important ecosystem service provide by soil in urban areas, with vegetation biomass inputs and soil organic carbon (SOC) being key components of overall C storage (Edmondson et al 2012; Ziter and Turner 2018). Soil sealing due to urbanisation leads to the removal of plants and topsoil during the paving and construction process. This results in large losses of C stocks from urban soil (Wei et al 2014) and alters soil C dynamics, typically leading to a loss of SOC (Majidzadeh et al 2018). More recently, significant amounts of soil C have been reported in urban areas, in soils of greenspaces and beneath sealed surfaces of pavements and
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