Abstract
Urban segregation is an inherent feature of cities and becomes a problem when excluding or hindering certain groups from accessing services, activities and spaces. In Brazil, segregation by social class is dominant in the structure of cities and public policies rarely address urban configuration as part of the segregation problem. This work addresses segregation with a shift in emphasis from traditional housing segregation to segregation as the restraint of socio-spatial interactions, thus including other facets of the phenomenon that have not yet been properly explored and seeking new spatially relevant metrics. This paper aims to present a methodology of segregation analysis based on configurational models and develop an empirical application in a Brazilian city. Representing the probabilities of interaction between different socio-economic groups in public spaces, a configurational model was used, addressing retail-residence spatial relationship. The attributes of population size, household income and number of retail establishments were considered. The results allowed identifying the probabilistic residence-retail trajectories for high and low income groups, providing a first measure of spatial segregation. The conclusions seek to highlight the importance of configurational approaches for segregation studies, as well as to show potentialities and limits of this methodology.
Highlights
Segregation is an inherent feature of cities and it has been the focus of interest in different scientific fields
The results showed us that the highest centrality values for both groups (1A) occur in segments located in the downtown area, which indicates that people from different income groups probably encounter one another when going to retail establishments in Ibirubá
With this paper we aimed to demonstrate how a configurational methodology could be used for identifying and analyzing urban segregation
Summary
Segregation is an inherent feature of cities and it has been the focus of interest in different scientific fields. It can have an ethnic, racial, economic, religious, and gender basis, among others. The work in [1] defines segregation as the restriction of interaction involving or not involving the physical space. In architecture and urban planning studies, urban segregation is commonly approached as separation [2,3]. Segregation is the separation of people, activities and functions [4] and it can hardly be approached without considering its spatial aspect. The work in [5] defines urban segregation as any form of spatial exclusion in the city
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