Urban-rural mobilities: The case of China's rural tourism makers

Abstract

Across the globe, the ongoing development of transportation and communication technologies has produced growing possibilities for the mobility of people, ideas, objects, and knowledge. In China, government policies, including economic reforms and targeted migration strategies, have resulted in the relocation of millions of people within and between urban and rural areas. Recently, however, there has been an important ‘mobility shift’ from the production-focused migration of peasants and factory workers to more diverse forms of consumption-focused mobility. This appears to be something different from traditional forms of tourism, but more research is needed. In particular, it is important to consider who these individuals are, what motivates them, and whether they are leaving the urban for the rural or constructing hybrid spaces, mobilities, and lifestyles. This paper examines the nature of urban-rural mobilities in China through the case of China's Rural Tourism Makers (RTMs). Drawing on fieldwork in four RTMs' Model Bases, including 131 interviews and participant observation, it demonstrates how mobilities are being practiced ‘on the ground’. The paper argues that the binaries between production and consumption and between urban and rural break down as RTMs are both middle-class consumers and creative-class producers who continually move between urban and rural for personal and professional reasons. In so doing, the paper nuances our understanding of mobilities within China, the practices and locational choices of creatives, and post-productivist theorizations of rurality.