Urban rural differentials in spatial distribution of pregnant women having received Tetanus Toxoid injection by district in Punjab: Results from Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurements Survey 2014-15.

Masood Ali Shaikh Masood Ali Shaikh

doi:10.47391/jpma.22-008

Abstract

Dear Madam, Tetanus is a potentially fatal infection caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria, and during childbirth it can infect wounds and results in maternal death.1,2 Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccination is a simple, effective and freely available preventive measure available in public sector health facilities in Pakistan for pregnant women that can protect pregnant women and their newborns. Globally, TT vaccination is a standard preventive tool in the arsenal of primary health care service providers. In this study, district level TT vaccination coverage in pregnant women during their last pregnancy, in the Punjab province was mapped using Geographic information Systems to highlight its spatial distribution disaggregated by urban, rural residencystatus and the differences between the two types of dwellers. Continue...

Highlights

Dear Madam, Tetanus is a potentially fatal infection caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria, and during childbirth it can infect wounds and results in maternal death.[1,2] Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccination is a simple, effective and freely available preventive measure available in public sector health facilities in Pakistan for pregnant women that can protect pregnant women and their newborns
The latest freely available Pakistan Living Standards Measurement’ surveys (PSLM) 2014-15 district-level survey data as a survey report in tabular form was downloaded from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics website as PDF file.[4]
The TT immunization percentages ranged from 56% to 100% among urban dwellers, with districts of Rahim Yar Khan and PakPattan falling in the lowest group of 56%-70%

Summary

Introduction

Dear Madam, Tetanus is a potentially fatal infection caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria, and during childbirth it can infect wounds and results in maternal death.[1,2] Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccination is a simple, effective and freely available preventive measure available in public sector health facilities in Pakistan for pregnant women that can protect pregnant women and their newborns. Three choropleth maps using ArcGIS 10.7, were created depicting percentage of pregnant women that received tetanus toxoid (TT) injection in urban, rural, and the differences between urban and rural residents by district. Four classes were used to depict various percentage levels of immunization status, using natural breaks (Jenks) method for the map for urban residency status.

Results

Conclusion