Abstract
The transportation sector contributes significantly towards Green House Gas (GHG) emissions which are contributing factors for the global climate change. In developing countries, such as India, the share of urban transportation sector in overall vehicular emissions is significant. The present chapter reports increase in urbanization, growth of vehicle population and characteristics of urban transportation in India. The chapter highlights the need for increasing public transportation ridership as an instrument for reducing traffic congestion and vehicular emissions. The opportunities and challenges associated with urban public transportation systems are identified and the recent initiatives for improvement of urban public transportation system are reported. Finally, the research needs for improvement of public transportation system in urban India in the context of climate change mitigation are highlighted.
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