Abstract
The purpose of the research is formation of passenger transport policy by public transport from the standpoint of determining the level of safety in COVID-19 and passenger comfort with the development of basics for measuring the perception of the most important factors of public transport convenience, minimum discomfort and maximum safety. Methodology. The study was conducted in two stages - inhouse and experimental - the collection and processing of data obtained from the survey of passenger flows. Continuous field research by the tabular method which in comparison with the existing ones is the most time-consuming, but the only one that can provide maximum accuracy of passenger information for further processing of the obtained statistical data of the studied system of public transport. The information obtained by organoleptic means was entered for further processing in the special accounting map, then calculations were performed for traffic areas between the stopping points of each studied route. Findings. The results of field research using the model of discomfort allow us to correctly predict the choice of mode of transport and the behaviour of passengers when using public transport in medium-sized cities. It is proved that the artificial underloading of the vehicle to avoid tight contact of passengers does not affect the level of infection with the virus of COVID-19 and, therefore, this restriction is not appropriate. Conclusions. Formation of the strategy of passengers' transportation in the conditions of COVID-19 is possible only with the use of the characteristic indicators of the transportation of people established by the multi-criteria analysis of a transport network - the level of discomfort, vehicle filling factor, the average time of transportation, the average distance of transportation. It is obligatory to use such means of protection as masks and gloves, provide the enhanced ventilation of the salon, and organize passengers' boarding through the back door with 100 % contactless fare payment.
Highlights
According to the study by a group of Chinese government epidemiologists, including Hu Shixiong, the leading author of the study who works for the Hunan Provincial Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, published by Stephen Chen in “Practical Preventive Medicine” and the South China Morning Post printed edition of March 9, 2020 [13,14,15], it was found that SARS-CoV2 can be in the air of the cabin and on the surfaces of the vehicle on which the respiratory drops of the infected person have settled for several days, significantly increasing the risk of its further transmission to the passengers by tactile [10]
Optimal for the formation of urban public transport policy in terms of COVID-19 from the standpoint of optimization by the criterion of maximum safety at the rational loading is the use of the research data of the route which is the most difficult from the standpoint of maximum loading (Fig. 2, 3) and transportation time which limits the simultaneous stay of people in a closed space – the cabin of the route vehicle
In a pandemic caused by COVID-19, there are considerable difficulties from the point of view of ensuring the highest level of passengers' safety and the driver subject to a satisfactory comfort level
Summary
Despite the convenience of passengers, during a pandemic, safety is a key factor in demand for public transport and such an indicator as convenience in Ukraine is always neglected when designing transport systems in medium-sized cities, passengers' choice of public transport depends on many factors.In order to increase the level of safety, as well as reduce the level of discomfort in public transport, the transport service should be designed so that compliance with the expectations of passengers was as adequate as possible [1,2,3,4].Today, the authorities often recommend that urban passenger transport fill the bus cabin only in accordance with the maximum number of passengers provided for by the design of the vehicle.This loading of the vehicle to avoid tight contact of passengers will have a positive effect on the load of the metal structure and the chassis, the axles expand the comfort zones of tire oscillations, increasing the service life of vehicles [5,6,7,8,9].Pavlo Popovych, Lubomyr Poberezhny, Oksana Shevchuk, Ihor Vikovych et allIn public transport, in particular in medium-sized cities, according to the classification of DBN B.2.2-12: 2019, in a pandemic COVID-19, there are significant complications from the standpoint of optimizing transportation processes based on the maximum safety of passengers and drivers. The authorities often recommend that urban passenger transport fill the bus cabin only in accordance with the maximum number of passengers provided for by the design of the vehicle. This loading of the vehicle to avoid tight contact of passengers will have a positive effect on the load of the metal structure and the chassis, the axles expand the comfort zones of tire oscillations, increasing the service life of vehicles [5,6,7,8,9]. According to the study by a group of Chinese government epidemiologists, including Hu Shixiong, the leading author of the study who works for the Hunan Provincial Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, published by Stephen Chen in “Practical Preventive Medicine” and the South China Morning Post printed edition of March 9, 2020 [13,14,15], it was found that SARS-CoV2 can be in the air of the cabin and on the surfaces of the vehicle on which the respiratory drops of the infected person have settled for several days, significantly increasing the risk of its further transmission to the passengers by tactile [10]
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