Abstract
Human mobility connects urban dwellers and neighborhoods and impacts social equity. An in-depth understanding of human mobility helps to enhance urban resilience. However, limited research has focused on mobility resilience. Building on previous research, this study looks at the neighborhood connectivity enabled by urban mobility. We analyze the aggregated mobility patterns in Boston through the coupling of network structure and social characteristics. Geocoded twitter data combined with socioeconomic datasets were used to create a mobility-based urban network. Through the quantitative analysis, we found that the social segregation in Boston shapes its mobility network. Network communities identified by the Louvain modularity algorithm are often self-containing, meaning that their residents are more likely to move within their communities. A multinomial regression reveals that spatial racial and income segregation has a strong impact on the dynamic segregation of the network. The beneficial network characteristics –e.g. higher density and well-connected motifs– are less present in areas with bolder presence of minorities. Thus, the resilience state is not equitable among neighborhoods of different income levels and races, indicating that the resilience measures of urban networks need to be adapted according to sociodemographic characteristics.
Highlights
Cities are hybrid systems consisting of entangled entities and should be treated as one adaptive complex system (Amir and Kant 2018)
This study focuses on social aspect of urban resilience and concentrates on affected neighborhoods and demographics in cases of disruption to better understand the weaknesses, strengths, and the level of functional continuity of mobility network of Boston
This study looks at urban mobility in terms of one of many interconnected urban systems acknowledging that urban mobility should be looked at as a system that involves the interactions of humans with their surrounding built and ecological environment (Vermaas et al 2011; Clegg 2000)
Summary
Cities are hybrid systems consisting of entangled entities and should be treated as one adaptive complex system (Amir and Kant 2018). We define urban resilience as: the ability of an urban system, its social units (such as individuals, communities, institutions, governments, etc.), and its technical units (urban infrastructure) to recover from hazards while maintaining functional continuity of their substituents and as a whole, and mitigating negative impacts of future hazards through practice of resilience planning. Building on this definition, this study focuses on social aspect of urban resilience and concentrates on affected neighborhoods and demographics in cases of disruption to better understand the weaknesses, strengths, and the level of functional continuity of mobility network of Boston. Understanding the underlying characteristics of mobility networks are vital in mitigating the negative impacts of hazards and improving urban resilience
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