Abstract
Urban livestock provides an important source of food and income, but it may increase the risks for disease transmission. Vectors, such as mosquitoes, might increase and thereby cause an enhanced transmission of infectious diseases, such as dengue fever; considered the most important mosquito-borne viral disease globally. This cross-sectional study evaluated the awareness of dengue fever and investigated how the presence of dengue vectors is affected by the keeping of livestock in urban households in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam.From February to March 2018, during the season of lowest occurrence of dengue in Hanoi, 140 households were interviewed, of which 69 kept livestock. A general trend was observed; respondents living in the Dan Phuong district, a peri-urban district, had better knowledge and practice regarding dengue as compared to the urban Ha Dong district. In total, 3899 mosquitoes were collected and identified, of which 52 (1.33%) were Aedes species. A significant difference between the two districts was observed, with more households in Ha Dong having Aedes spp. mosquitoes (p = 0.02) and a higher incidence of dengue fever (p = 0.001). There was no significant association between livestock-rearing and the presence of Aedes spp. mosquitoes (p = 0.955), or between livestock-rearing and the incidence of dengue fever (p = 0.08).In conclusion, this study could not find any indication that households keeping livestock were at higher risk of dengue virus infections in Hanoi during the season of lowest occurrence of dengue, but clearly indicated the need of more information provided to urban inhabitants, particularly on personal protection.
Highlights
Urbanization and livestock intensification are closely connected
With more humans and animals living in close vicinity, vectors such as mosquitoes may increase in numbers, and cause enhanced transmission of infectious diseases, e.g. dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and malaria [1,2]
This study found no association between livestock-keeping and dengue fever cases, or between livestock-keeping and the presence of the dengue mosquito vector Aedes spp
Summary
Urbanization and livestock intensification are closely connected. With more humans and animals living in close vicinity, vectors such as mosquitoes may increase in numbers, and cause enhanced transmission of infectious diseases, e.g. dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis (JE) and malaria [1,2]. Dengue fever was ranked the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world in 2012, and outbreaks of the disease repeatedly occur throughout most tropical countries [3]. Through an evidence based-scoring system and modelling, 3.97 billion people are estimated at risk of being infected with dengue virus in 128 countries around the world [4]. Over the past 50 years the incidence of dengue fever has increased 30-fold, and the global burden is today predicted to be 390 million (284–528, 95% CI) dengue virus infections each year. In 2010, Asia suffered around 70% of the total number of dengue virus infections [3,5]
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