Abstract
Sustainability is crucial to the urban zones, especially related to the water management, which is vulnerable to flood occurrence. This research applies the procedure contemplated by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) to determine the generated volumes when the impervious areas can exceed the drainage capacity of existing pluvial water networks. Several computational simulations were developed for the current scenario of an existing basin in Lisbon. Using CivilStorm software from Bentley Systems (Bentley EMEA, Bentley Systems International Limited, Dublin, Ireland), it enabled the evaluation of the volumes of flood peaks and the hydraulic behavior of a small hydrographic basin in the continuation of an urbanization process, considering the modification of its superficial impervious parts and the growth of the urbanized area. Several measures are suggested to solve the limited capacity of the existing drainage system. This study analyzes the efficiency of the application of constructive measures, pondering the viability of their effectiveness, individually and combined. The option that best minimizes the effects of the urbanization is the combination of different structural measures, in particular retention ponds, storage blocks, ditches and specific drainage interventions in some parts of the network.
Highlights
Climatic modification has always existed as a natural and cyclical phenomenon, this issue recently has increased concern in the scientific community and general population.This increased concern about climate change is mainly due to high population growth as well as the technological and scientific development that caused drastic climate change
Where: t is the time (s); x is the distance measured in the direction of flow (m); y is the flow depth (m); Q is the flow rate (m3 /s); A is the active cross-sectional area of the flow (m2 ); q is the lateral inlet or outlet (m3 /s/m); β is the correction factor of the amount of movement that takes into account the velocity distribution in cross section; vx is the ratio between the flow rate direction and the flow direction; g is the acceleration of gravity (m/s2 ); S0 is the longitudinal slope of the channel bottom (m/m); S'f is the slope of the energy line (-); and Se is the Loss of load due to expansion or contraction (-)
It is demonstrated that the volumes generated due to the impervious areas of optimization of a combination of different measures results in the best step to get the best solution
Summary
Climatic modification has always existed as a natural and cyclical phenomenon, this issue recently has increased concern in the scientific community and general population. From pluvial storm, has special importance due to the impacts caused in people's everyday lives and in economic activities in view of its fast action The recognition of this problem is ratified by the European Environment Agency (EEA) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. These actions reduce the impacts of natural hazards and decrease the interactions with human activities In this line, the traditional strategies of micro and macro urban drainage systems are considered as unsustainable, i.e., not understanding what originates the problem of floods but only transferring the runoff in the watershed [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Later, based on the results, conclusions are drawn about the behavior of impervious urban areas, runoff conditions, and how the different solutions of retention, capture and infiltration of rain may lead towards sustainable urban drainage systems
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