Abstract
During monsoon season Islamabad and Rawalpindi receive unpredicted intense precipitation, which causes flooding in the areas of Rawalpindi along with Nullah Lai. This study included the qualitative content analysis of urban flooding and analyzed the extreme water events of Nullah Lai for the period 2010 to 2020. The main purpose to conduct this research was to determine the causes and effects of an increase in urban flooding. For this purpose 26 scientific pieces of writing (19 scientific published journal articles, 4 websites, and 3 reports) relevant to the specific concept of the research problem and research question were reviewed and analyzed. The study found the natural climate change, glaciers melting, rainfall, and temperature fluctuations) and anthropogenic (human actions, LULC change, infrastructure, industrial waste etc) factors as the main causes of the increase in urban flooding. Thus, this study suggests installing modern technology to predict intense natural weather patterns (precipitation) and must adopt sustainable and resilient infrastructure to control and mitigate future adverse impacts of urban floods in rapidly urbanized areas.
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