Abstract
AbstractThe present study aims to assess flood depth, building risk analysis, and the effectiveness of various flood adaptation strategies to attenuate building risk caused by urban floods in climate change scenarios. A framework is proposed where a hydraulic model, Hydrologic Engineering Center's-River Analysis System 2D (HEC-RAS 2D), is applied for 2-dimensional flood modeling to estimate (a) submerged areas, (b) flood depth, and (c) building risk for extreme events corresponding to two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), 6.0 and 8.5. Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), India, is chosen for demonstration. Percentages of buildings in GHMC under high, medium, and low risks for RCP 6.0 are 38.19, 9.91, and 51.9% in the respective order, and these are 40.82, 10.55, and 48.63% for RCP 8.5. Six flood proofing (FP) strategies (S1–S6) are proposed for attenuating building risk along with the required capital cost. The capital investment required for FP to achieve the ideal situation of no risk for all buildings (strategy S6) works out to Rs. 3,740 × 107 and Rs. 3,800 × 107 for RCPs 6.0 and 8.5. It is observed that the effect of adaptation strategies is significant.
Highlights
Over the past 30 years, urban floods occurring in catchments have been the more prominent natural disasters, which account for almost 43% (EM-DAT, CRED 2015)
The objectives chosen for Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) are (a) to develop flood inundation maps and identify the submerged areas for representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 6.0 and 8.5, using Hydrologic Engineering Center’s-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) 2D, (b) to compute building risk analysis based on flood depth, and (c) to formulate suitable adaptive measures and assess their effectiveness for attenuation of building risk in the urban catchment
Results related to flood inundation mapping, building risk analysis based on flood depth, and corresponding adaptation measures are presented for two extreme events of RCPs 6.0 and 8.5
Summary
Over the past 30 years, urban floods occurring in catchments have been the more prominent natural disasters, which account for almost 43% (EM-DAT, CRED 2015). The present study aims to assess flood depth, building risk analysis, and effectiveness of various flood adaptation strategies to attenuate building risk caused by urban floods in a climate change scenario. Vojtek et al (2019) evaluated the sensitivity of the event-based approach for small and ungauged basins using HEC-RAS 1D They simulated flood area and flood volume and stressed the importance of roughness and cross-section parameters, besides excess rainfall determination for effective mitigation. The objectives chosen for GHMC are (a) to develop flood inundation maps and identify the submerged areas for RCPs 6.0 and 8.5, using HEC-RAS 2D, (b) to compute building risk analysis based on flood depth, and (c) to formulate suitable adaptive measures and assess their effectiveness for attenuation of building risk in the urban catchment. The following sections discuss the methodology, study area description, data collection and processing, and description of HEC-RAS 2D along with calibration and validation, results & discussion, and summary of the work
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