Abstract
In recent years, many urban areas in Ethiopia have experienced frequent flood events as a result of climate change and urban sprawl. Unplanned and unsustainable poor urban storm water management strategies will aggravate the impact and frequency of flood occurrence. In this study, impacts of urbanization and climate change on generated flood magnitude are analyzed using the urban hydrological model of Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and Low Impact Development (LID) sustainable land use optimization techniques. Three rainfall distribution patterns (TS1, TS2 and TS3) in combination with rainfall duration periods of 10, 30 and 60 min and a pessimistic climate change scenario of RCP 4.5 compared to RCP 8.5 are used for the analysis purpose for selected infiltration and storage LID techniques (Bio-Retention Cell, Infiltration Trench and Rain Barrel). The study results showed that combined LID techniques have a significant impact on urban flood reduction of up to 75%. This significant amount of flood reduction is greater than the amount of excess flood magnitude which occurred as a result of climate change using the most pessimistic climate change scenario. The study results also confirmed that rainfall patterns have a significant impact on peak discharge for shorter rainfall durations. This study highly recommends using cost effective, easy and environmental adaptive and sustainable LID techniques for urban flood management in addition to existing drainage structures.
Highlights
Published: 22 June 2021Due to global warming and climate change, frequent heavy precipitation and urban flooding are becoming serious problems in many countries all over the world [1,2]
This study explored the effect of Low Impact Development (LID) on urban runoff peaks and magnitude reduction under various rainfall patterns as a result of climate change and urbanization on a selected urban area in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
The analysis was performed using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) model for selected LID scenarios
Summary
Due to global warming and climate change, frequent heavy precipitation and urban flooding are becoming serious problems in many countries all over the world [1,2]. Recent studies confirmed that there is a high probability of extreme rainfall occurrence in the future due to climate change [3]. Other researchers agreed on future climate impacts on precipitation variables and corresponding causes [4,5,6,7,8]. Addis Ababa City is currently one of the urban areas vulnerable to flooding as a result of rapid urban sprawl, poor or no implementation of urban flood management strategies in addition to global common climate change impact
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