Abstract
Temperature is the focus of many studies around the world due to several factors, such as population growth and land use and coverage changes, as these elements contribute to the increase/decrease of air temperature on the surface of a region. This study aimed to analyze the temperature trend in the metropolises of the Brazilian Amazon (Belém and Manaus), from 1978 to 2018, for the dry and rainy regimes, taking into account population growth and the change in land use and coverage of referred cities. For this purpose, monthly data of maximum, compensated and minimum temperature in a radius of 25 km from the coordinates of the meteorological stations of each city were used, extracted from the National Institute of Meteorology, usage data and coverage of the Annual Soil Coverage and Use Mapping Project in Brazil and population data of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The results showed a positive trend in the temperature of these regions studied, due to the increase in urban infrastructure and population growth, as well as a decrease in forest formation in the metropolises of the Brazilian Amazon Ambiente Urbano e a Tendência da Temperatura do Ar: O Caso das Metrópoles da Amazônia BrasileiraR E S U M OA temperatura é foco de muitos estudos em todo o mundo devido a vários fatores, como por exemplo, crescimento da população e mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo, pois tais elementos contribuem para o aumento e/ou diminuição da temperatura do ar em superfície de uma região. Neste estudo buscou-se analisar a tendência da temperatura nas metrópoles da Amazônia brasileira (Belém e Manaus), no período de 1978 a 2018, para os regimes seco e chuvoso, levando em consideração o crescimento populacional e a mudança de uso e cobertura do solo das referidas cidades. Para tal, utilizaram-se dados mensais de temperatura máxima, compensada e mínima em um raio de 25 km a partir das coordenadas das estações meteorológicas de cada cidade, extraídos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, dados de uso e cobertura do Projeto de Mapeamento Anual da Cobertura e Uso do Solo no Brasil e dados populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os resultados mostraram uma tendência positiva na temperatura das referidas regiões estudadas devido ao aumento da infraestrutura urbana e crescimento populacional, bem como uma diminuição da formação florestal nas metrópoles da Amazônia brasileira.Palavras-chave: Uso e cobertura do solo, Crescimento populacional, Temperatura
Highlights
Temperature is the focus of many studies around the world due to several factors, such as population growth and land use and coverage changes, as these elements contribute to the increase/decrease of air temperature on the surface of a region
Temperature in the rainy season (Dif-max_rainy) is it is possible to verify the increase of the Urban greater than the difference in maximum Infrastructure in Manaus by almost 29% in the temperature in the dry period (Dif-max_dry), only 1991 decade, the lowest in the subsequent in the first decade (1979-1988)
Concerning Belém, one can observe the decade of the study (1989-1998), there is a greater largest increase in Urban Infrastructure for the difference in the compensated average decade of 2000, of almost 26%, with a subsequent temperature of the dry period (Dif-com_dry) in decreasing of this increase in the coming years
Summary
Temperature is the focus of many studies around the world due to several factors, such as population growth and land use and coverage changes, as these elements contribute to the increase/decrease of air temperature on the surface of a region. This study aimed to analyze the temperature trend in the metropolises of the Brazilian Amazon (Belém and Manaus), from 1978 to 2018, for the dry and rainy regimes, taking into account population growth and the change in land use and coverage of referred cities. Neste estudo buscou-se analisar a tendência da temperatura nas metrópoles da Amazônia brasileira (Belém e Manaus), no período de 1978 a 2018, para os regimes seco e chuvoso, levando em consideração o crescimento populacional e a mudança de uso e cobertura do solo das referidas cidades. The urban the result of different transformation driving environment concentrates multiple factors forces, from global climate events to regional that, in synergy control the air temperature, but the changes in land use and land cover. The municipality has played a prominent role as an agent of climate governance, given a polycentric perspective reinforced in the Paris Agreement in 2015 (Wit and Freitas, 2019)
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