Abstract
The article qualitatively analyses the relationship among stakeholders in the history of Ruwa Town development since the town’s inception in 1986 up to 2015. Ruwa Town is among the post-colonial established towns in Zimbabwe which were developed using the Public- Private Partnership (PPP) approach. The PPP approach has been adopted as one of the urban development models in post-colonial Zimbabwe, though not entirely effective and efficient. Hence, this article argues that harmonious relationships among stakeholders in PPPs- led urban development were fundamental in achieving efficient urban development. A tripartite relationship which includes the local authority, private land developers and residents was critical to the development of the town. The study uses both primary and secondary sources to derive research data. Primary data reviewed was mainly collected from the Ruwa Town Repository (archive) and was complemented by personal interviews. Secondary sources (Journals, books, articles and newspapers) were useful in situating the Ruwa case in broader urban studies and historiography of Zimbabwe and the world at large. The study found out that there were both cordial and hostile relationships among stakeholders during the development process of the town. Most of the hostile relations were detrimental to the development and derailed the process. This historical analysis of urban development stakeholders in Ruwa proves that good management of hostile relations is the major determinant of effective and efficient PPP-led urban development.
Highlights
AND LITERATURE REVIEWThis paper uses a multi-disciplinary approach which employs history and development studies to analyse the relationship among stakeholders in the development process of Ruwa Town
This article argues that harmonious relationships among stakeholders in PPPsled urban development were fundamental in achieving efficient urban development
There are many stakeholders in urban development as shown in Simone’s work, my study in Ruwa focuses on the tripartite relationship of residents, the Local Authority and PLDCs
Summary
City” is a call for ordinary individuals to take control of the process of planning in urbanisation.[8] the right to the city challenges residents of Ruwa to rise against PLDCs and the Local Authority and take control of planning powers in the town Harvey developed this approach from the works of Lefebvre who calls for urban revolution, to confront politically based capitalism in urban development.[9] A revolution is sometimes violent and can result in hostile relationships among stakeholders in urban development. There are many stakeholders in urban development as shown in Simone’s work, my study in Ruwa focuses on the tripartite relationship of residents, the Local Authority and PLDCs
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