Urban Development of the Complex Terrain and Sea Coast

Abstract

The article deals with the actual problem of urban ecological construction of southern cities, taking into account the heat and wind processes of the atmospheric environment. These cities are characterized by a complex orographic situation. They located in the mountain-basin space or on the sea coast and have extreme conditions of aeration, wind or calm climatic conditions. It is established that for the formation of the urban-ecological structure of the development, architectural and construction, space-planning solutions of the development under the extreme calm and wind conditions, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the heat-wind processes arising under the action of insolation on the active surface of cities at the macro -, meso-, micro -, nano-ecological level of urban design. At the macro-ecological level, it is necessary to take into account the profiling local winds of slope and mountain-valley origin, as well as winds in the "land-sea" system, which are the result of the thermal difference in the heating of the underlying surface of the territories adjacent to the city. At the meso -, micro-and nano-climatic levels, the urban heat island and the urban area with various storey development affect the nature of heat and wind processes of the atmospheric environment that can lift and move atmospheric environmentally negative impurities. It is proved that the dome of pollution over the city will transform and move during the day from West to East under the influence of heat and wind processes. In this regard, for the purposes of urban ecological construction, it is proposed to divide the territories into four types of landscape: the bottom of the mountain-basin space; the coastal zone; the piedmont-valley zone; slope territories. For each of these four zones the basic principles of the structural organization of urban development under the wind and calm natural and climatic conditions, within a single anthropogenic landscape have been formed.