Abstract
In the Hungarian Kingdom, similar to the rest of Eastern Europe, the growth of towns is dated to the period between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In 1100 Kremica (Kremnitz/Kormocbanya), in 1141 Skalica (Skalitz/Szakolcza), and in 1200 Szeged (Szegedin) were granted royal privileges, but real urban growth was more characteristic of the first half of the thirteenth century. In 1225 Banska Bystrica (Neusohl/Besztercebanya), in 1238 Trnava (Tyrnau/Nagyszombat), in 1242 Levoca (Leutschau/Lo˝cse), and in 1244 Buda, Banska Etiavnica (Schemnitz/Selmecbanya), and Krupina (Karpfen/Korpona) became royal free towns. In 1291 both Bratislava (Pressburg/Pozsony) and Pest were elevated to royal free standing, but between 1250 and 1320 fewer towns won royal charters. Starting in 1324, another explosion occurred in the granting of royal privileges to towns, when Bardejov (Bartfeld/Bartfa), Preeov (Preschau/Eperjes), Sopron (Odenburg), Zvolen (Altsohl/Zolyom), Nova Banˇa (Konigsberg/Ujbanya), and Baia Mare (Neustadt/Nagybanya) were raised to royal free standing. By the end of the fifteenth century there were approximately 30 royal free towns, 20 royal mining towns, and over 600 larger settlements that had been granted franchise.
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